STRUCTURALANDARCHITECTURALDESIGNOFHEADOFFICES, APARTMENTANDHOTELG+7 CASESTUDY:KISTCAMPKIGALI

Abstract

The Structural and Architectural design G+7 buildings which include hotels, apartments, and head offices are the subject of this initiative. The goal is to reduce the building's negative environmental effects while optimising energy efficiency and occupant well-being through the use of eco-friendly materials and technologies. Important elements consist of: Sustainable Materials: Reducing reliance on conventional building materials by using bio-based composites, locally sourced lumber, and recycled materials. Energy efficiency is the use of high-performance insulation, solar panels, and passive design techniques to reduce energy use and dependency. All the chapters and other main points in this project are numbered to help those who may need to use it, to easily reach an interesting section by omitting others. This project also has been compiled referred to various document of many authors and by using equations provided in codes of practice, with a focus on British standard (BS). The analysis begins with the evaluation of all loads that are expected to be carried by the structure including its self-weight to determine the foundation’s dimensions. In the architectural design, the plans are conceived in order to show dimensions of building, and the shape of building also its height. About structural design, this project details only foundation by following BS 8110-1:1997 and BS 6399-1:1996. On the basis of the results, the detailed plans are presented. The design criteria were conducted mainly based on British Standards (BS). The PROKON software and excel spread sheet was used for some design of member but in the most part I have been using the manually way. Structural Design Details: 1. Slab Design: • The slab was designed with a cover of 25mm, a thickness of 30cm • Provided reinforcement: As = 452mm² with 4T12 • The slab was evaluated for deflection and deemed satisfactory, with both maximum positive and negative moments being adequately resisted. • No shear reinforcement was required, as the shear stress (0.3 N/mm²) was well below the shear capacity (0.38 N/mm²). v 2. Beam Design: • The beam was designed with a total height of 0.75cm, aligned with ly/12 and ly/8 requirements. • Reinforcement provided: 7T16 bars (1407mm²). 3. Column Design: • The most loaded column (C-C2) was designed as a square column with dimensions of 400mm x 400mm. • Effective heights: 6000mm along the major axis, 3500mm along the minor axis. • The column was classified as a braced short column. 4. Footing Design: • The footing was designed for a soil bearing capacity of 250 kN/m². • A square footing of 1.6m x 1.6m was selected, keeping the design stress within the soil’s bearing capacity. 5. Stair Design: • The stair was designed for a height of 3400mm between the ground and first floors, with a flight length of 3.3m at an angle of 27.9°. • The design included 11 risers and 10 goings, each 3300mm in dimension. • Moment for the flight: 30kNm. This detailed overview covers both the structural design aspects of the project, ensuring compliance with design standards while contributing to the growth of Camp Kigali’s urban landsca