Abstract:
The main purpose is to assess the impact of gender based Violence on Household’s Socio-
Economic development in Rwanda, a case study of Kicukiro District, Nyarugunga Sector,
during the period from 2015 up to 2023. The specific objectives of the study are to analyse
the status of gender based violence in Kicukiro District, Nyarugunga Secto, examine the
extent of socio-economic development of population living in Kicukiro District, Nyarugunga
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Sector and evaluate the relationship between gender based violence and socio-
economic development of population living in Kicukiro District, Nyarugunga Sector. The
sample size was 100 selected from 49,247 as population of Nyarugunga Sector. The
techniques used to collect data were questionnaire, interview, observation and questionnaire
techniques. The methods of data analysis were historical, synthetical and analytical methods.
The results of data analysis shows that 94.8% of the respondents confirmed poverty and other
economic factors to be the major causes of GBV against men by women, 81.4% of the
respondents confirmed the culture and tradition framework, 100% of the respondents
emphasized on Poor perception on Gender promotion, 87.6% of the respondents
confirmed legal and historical factors framework and 98.6% of the respondents underlined
inappropriate Sexual behaviors while Marital dissatisfaction and disagreement were
considered at 100% of the respondents. Forced to Account for Financial Expenditures (Mean
= 4.28, Std Dev = 1.293): Many respondents report being forced to account for every
financial expenditure, showing a high level of financial scrutiny and control. However, there
is notable variability in responses. Restricted Access to Necessary Resources (Mean = 4.227,
Std Dev = 1.382): The highest mean score (4.50) reflects strong agreement that GBV
significantly affects mental health. The low standard deviation (0.70) reinforces that most
respondents share this view, pointing to widespread mental health challenges such as
depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other psychological
consequences experienced by victims of GBV. The researcher recommended to ensure that
there are robust laws against GBV, including domestic violence, sexual assault, and
harassment. Laws should provide clear definitions, penalties, and protections for survivors.
Align national policies with international frameworks and standards on GBV prevention and
response. Encourage respectful behavior and communication in all areas of life, including at
home, at work, and in public spaces.
